鋁板因其密度低、強(qiáng)度高、導(dǎo)熱率高、耐腐蝕性強(qiáng)、物理機(jī)械性能好而被廣泛應(yīng)用于各個(gè)行業(yè)。因?yàn)殇X板生產(chǎn)廠家焊接方法的選擇不是時(shí)，合金鋁板的變形嚴(yán)重影響產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量和性能。下面簡(jiǎn)單介紹一下合金鋁板的焊接方法。

Aluminum sheet is widely used in various industries because of its low density, high strength, high thermal conductivity, strong corrosion resistance and good physical and mechanical properties. Because the choice of welding method is not suitable for aluminum plate manufacturers, the deformation of aluminum alloy plate seriously affects the quality and performance of products. The following is a brief introduction to the alloy aluminum plate welding method.
1.焊接前的準(zhǔn)備
用化學(xué)或機(jī)械方法嚴(yán)格清洗焊縫坡口兩側(cè)的表面氧化膜。
化學(xué)清洗是用堿或酸清洗工件表面。這種方法不僅能去除氧化膜，還能去除油污。具體工藝如下:6%~10%的氫氧化鈉溶液按體積計(jì)，70℃左右浸泡0.5分鐘→水洗→室溫下用15%硝酸浸泡1分鐘中和→水洗→溫水洗→烘干。清洗后的鋁合金表面表面呈暗銀白色。
機(jī)械清洗可使用氣動(dòng)或電動(dòng)銑刀、刮刀、銼刀等工具。對(duì)于薄氧化膜，也可用0.25mm銅絲刷拋光去除氧化膜。

1. Preparation prior to welding strictly clean the surface oxide film on both sides of the Weld Groove by chemical or mechanical means. Chemical cleaning is to clean the surface of the work piece with Alkali or acid. This method can remove not only the oxide film, but also the oil stain. The process is as follows: 6% ~ 10% sodium hydroxide solution by volume, soaking at 70 °C for 0.5 minutes → washing → neutralization by soaking at room temperature with 15% nitric acid for 1 minute → washing → warm washing → drying. The surface of the cleaned aluminum alloy is dark silvery white. Mechanical cleaning can use pneumatic or electric milling cutter, scraper, file and other tools. For thin oxide film, the oxide film can also be removed by polishing with a 0.25 mm copper wire brush.

2.確定裝配間隙和點(diǎn)焊間距。
在焊接過(guò)程中，合金鋁板受熱膨脹，導(dǎo)致焊縫坡口間隙減小。如果焊前裝配間隙過(guò)小，兩塊板的坡口會(huì)在焊接過(guò)程中重疊增加。后焊接表面的粗糙度和變形；相反，如果裝配間隙太大，就會(huì)很難焊接，有可能燒穿。合適的點(diǎn)焊間距可以保證所需的點(diǎn)焊間隙，所以，鋁板生產(chǎn)廠家選擇合適的裝配間隙和點(diǎn)焊距離是減少變形的有效措施。根據(jù)經(jīng)驗(yàn)，不同板厚對(duì)接頭的合理裝配工藝參數(shù)如表2所示。

2. Determine Assembly clearance and spot weld spacing. In the process of welding, the heat expansion of the alloy aluminum plate results in the reduction of the weld groove clearance. If the assembly clearance before welding is too small, the groove of the two plates will overlap during the welding process increase. After welding surface roughness and deformation; on the contrary, if the assembly gap is too large, it will be difficult to weld, may burn through. Proper spot welding spacing can ensure the required spot welding clearance, so it is an effective measure for aluminum plate manufacturers to choose proper assembly clearance and spot welding distance to reduce deformation. According to experience, the reasonable assembly process parameters of butt joints with different thickness are shown in table 2.
3.選擇焊接設(shè)備
目前市場(chǎng)上焊接產(chǎn)品種類繁多。一般應(yīng)采用交流鎢極氬弧焊(TIG焊)。它利用鎢電極和工件在氬氣保護(hù)下產(chǎn)生的電。一種電弧熔化母材和焊絲的焊接方法。焊機(jī)工作時(shí)，由于交流電流極性周期性變化，每個(gè)周期半波為DC正接。半波是DC反向連接。在正向半波期間，鎢電極可以發(fā)射足夠的電子而不會(huì)過(guò)熱，有利于電弧的穩(wěn)定。在反向半波過(guò)程中，工件表面產(chǎn)生。氧化膜容易去除，獲得表面光亮美觀、形狀良好的焊縫。

3. There are many kinds of welding products on the market at present. AC TUNGSTEN INERT GAS (Tig) welding should be used in general. It utilizes the electricity generated by the tungsten electrode and the workpiece under the protection of Argon Gas. The invention relates to a welding method for arc melting base metal and welding wire. When the welding machine works, due to the periodic change of the polarity of AC current, each cycle half-wave is DC positive connection. Half-wave is DC reverse connection. During the forward half-wave, the tungsten electrode can emit enough electrons without overheating, which is beneficial to the stability of the ARC. In the reverse half-wave process, the surface of the workpiece is generated. The oxide film can be easily removed and the weld with bright and beautiful surface can be obtained.
4.選擇焊絲。
一般選用301純鋁焊絲和311鋁硅焊絲。

4. Selective wire. General selection of 301 pure aluminum wire and 311 aluminum-silicon wire.
5.選擇焊接方法和參數(shù)。
一般采用左焊方式，焊槍與工件成60°角。當(dāng)焊接厚度大于15毫米時(shí)，鋁板生產(chǎn)廠家采用正確的焊接方法，焊槍與工件成90°角。當(dāng)焊接壁厚大于3毫米時(shí)，開V形坡口，夾角為60° ~ 70°，間隙不應(yīng)大于1毫米，當(dāng)壁厚小于1.5毫米時(shí)，不留坡口或間隙。

5. Selection of welding method and parameters. Generally, the left welding method is adopted, and the welding torch is at 60 ° angle with the workpiece. When the welding thickness is more than 15 mm, the aluminum plate manufacturer adopts the correct welding method, the welding torch and the workpiece at 90 ° angle. When the thickness of the welding wall is more than 3 mm, open the V-groove, the included angle is 60 ° ~ 70 ° , the gap should not be more than 1 mm, when the thickness of the wall is less than 1.5 mm, leave no groove or gap.